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class=\u0022from\u0022\u003E\n \u003Ca target=\u0022_blank\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/www.audubon.org\/birds-of-america\/ \u0022\u003E\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff0fNational Audubon Society\u003C\/a\u003E\n \u003C\/span\u003E\n \n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \t\t\t\t\u003C\/div\u003E\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\u003C\/div\u003E\n\t\t\n\t\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n \n\u003Cp\u003E\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u9ce5\u985e\u4fdd\u80b2\u3001\u5df2\u6709 117 \u5e74\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u5967\u675c\u90a6\u5b78\u6703\uff08National Audubon Society\uff09\u4fbf\u662f\u4ee5\u9019\u4f4d\u6709\u6975\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\u7684\u9ce5\u985e\u756b\u5bb6\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u5b78\u6703\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e5f\u8209\u8fa6\u5967\u675c\u90a6\u651d\u5f71\u734e\uff08Audubon Photography Awards\uff09\u9f13\u52f5\u9ce5\u985e\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u5c0d\u5967\u675c\u90a6\u756b\u4f5c\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u8b80\u8005\uff0c\u003Ca target=\u0022_blank\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/www.audubon.org\/birds-of-america\u0022\u003E\u53ef\u81f3\u5b78\u6703\u7db2\u7ad9\u67e5\u95b1\u4e0b\u8f09\u300a\u7f8e\u570b\u9ce5\u985e\u300b\u7cfb\u5217\u5716\u7247\u003C\/a\u003E\u3002\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ENational Audubon Society\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u5b98\u7db2\uff1a\u003Ca target=\u0022_blank\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/www.audubon.org\/\u0022\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.audubon.org\/\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n","authors":"\u5289\u9a0f\u744b","editor":"\u5289\u9a0f\u744b","date":"2022.05.12","date2":"May.12","time":"05:05 PM","my_publish_date":"2022-05-12T17:10:00+08:00","to_publish_date":"2022\/05\/12","url":"https:\/\/www.shoppingdesign.com.tw\/post\/view\/7811"}
來自 19 世紀的珍貴圖鑑，奧杜邦《美國鳥類》細膩捕捉鳥兒靈動姿態
圖片來源／National Audubon Society
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奧杜邦的鳥類圖鑑最特別之處，便在於鳥類與其棲息地的完整刻劃，以及牠們精緻、栩栩如生的日常樣貌，是種藝術的展現。
翻開這本巨大的圖鑑，品種、顏色、姿態不同的鳥類從紙上衝入讀者的視野。牠們或游水、或漫步在沙丘、或與獵物搏鬥......精妙的繪筆捕捉牠們最有力量的瞬間。這些作品，則是出自於美國鳥類學家、畫家約翰．詹姆士．奧杜邦（John James Audubon, 1785-1851）之手。
大尺寸圖鑑，收錄 435 張美國鳥類畫像
《美國鳥類》圖鑑（Birds of America）中共有 435 張鳥類插圖作品，搭配奧杜邦在觀察鳥類時的文字描述。由於鳥類全以原尺寸繪製，這也是為何這本圖鑑足足長約 100 公分、寬約 67 公分的原因。此部現存僅 119 套的美國國寶圖鑑，不僅獲得「「19世紀最偉大和最具影響力的著作」之名，也是世界各大收藏家競逐的文物，2010 年時在蘇富比拍賣會上更以約 3.53 億臺幣成交，可說是一本世界最貴的書。
奧杜邦遊歷美國各地，花費數年時間完成這部圖鑑。書中的詳盡資料與鳥類樣態捕捉，著實為博物館學添加了重要的一頁。
縝密構圖，凸顯各鳥類特色
奧杜邦的鳥類圖鑑之所以傑出、獨樹一格，便是因為他能根據不同種類鳥兒的體型、顏色、棲地搭配適合的構圖。例如體型小的蜂鳥、雀類，奧杜邦多以「花鳥圖」的形式展現牠們靈巧、穿梭在花果枝椏之間的樣子。
而一些體型較大的鳥類如紅鶴、白鷺鷥等鳥類，則多以彎曲脖頸的姿態呈現。雖是受限於書本大小，卻也有種另類的肢體美感。
如實呈現自然棲地，捕捉鳥類日常
一般既定印象中的圖鑑畫作，為了清楚展現物種特色，動植物們多以一種固定姿勢、無背景的方式單獨呈現，比較像是一種「檔案資料」。但在奧杜邦的圖鑑中，不僅清楚地將鳥類棲息的海岸、濕地、森林描繪出來，擬真鳥類們的生活環境，在動作方面也精心刻畫，彷彿是一張張瞬間凝結的照片，振翅的角度、划水的腳掌、發出尖銳叫聲的鳥嘴......甚至在某些畫面中，還描繪出鳥類受傷或是正在狩獵動物的狀態。這些特殊細節，讓奧杜邦的圖畫超越了圖鑑的框架，成為兼具藝術美感與研究價值的作品。
致力於鳥類保育、已有 117 年歷史的奧杜邦學會（National Audubon Society）便是以這位有極大貢獻的鳥類畫家命名，學會每年也舉辦奧杜邦攝影獎（Audubon Photography Awards）鼓勵鳥類主題的攝影作品。對奧杜邦畫作有興趣的讀者，可至學會網站查閱下載《美國鳥類》系列圖片。
National Audubon Society
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